Wind/Bighorn River Basin Water Plan
Final Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 5 FUTURE WATER USE OPPORTUNITIES

CHAPTER 5
FUTURE WATER USE OPPORTUNITIES

5.1.1 Introduction

The list of opportunities compiled under this task is intended to be used by individuals and organizations that need to develop a water supply to satisfy their specific needs. One must always recognize that any screening criteria, which is applied between categories, may unfairly treat the project within the adjudged .less important. category. For example a municipal water supply that provides new water to 10,000 persons may be judged more important than the agricultural water supply development for 5,000 acres of alfalfa. With population benefits as a heavily weighted criterion, the municipal projects will always rank higher than the agricultural projects. For this reason, the Wind/Bighorn Basin Planning Team developed screening criteria, which could be applied independent of category, as well as within the individual category.

A long list of future water use opportunities was developed with input from the Basin Advisory Group (BAG), and is included here as Appendix A. To assist the users of this list to identify potential opportunities to satisfy their demands, the following methodology was employed to evaluate specific opportunities on the long list relative to similar and related opportunities. This methodology evaluates opportunities according to the likelihood that they are desirable, functional, and capable of receiving the support required for development. The intent of this exercise is to provide individuals and organizations with .a place to start. in their investigation to develop a water supply to satisfy their specific needs, rather than to .rank. potential projects.

The procedure used to complete this evaluation consists of the following five steps:

1. Establish project groupings into category and sub-category;
2. Develop screening criteria to evaluate future water use opportunities;
3. Develop a long list of future water use opportunities;
4. Develop a short list of opportunities;
5. And evaluate the opportunities on the short list.

5.1.2 . Project Categories

Specific to the Wind/Bighorn Basin planning process, four initial categories were identified. These were Municipal, Agriculture, Environmental and Religious/Cultural.

Category 1: Municipal

This category includes the development, augmentation and improvement of public water supplies throughout the WBHB. Several regulatory and non-regulatory issues have focused attention on this issue within the 30 year planning period. Prior to the 1990.s many of the municipal water systems were surface water based. In 1986, the Safe Drinking Water Act was passed and many of its requirements were promulgated during the 1990.s. These requirements included watershed protection plans, extensive water treatment and disinfection requirements. In response to these new requirements, water system operation and maintenance costs became increasingly prohibitive and several municipalities moved to a deep ground water option. In conjunction with the development of new water supply sources and the increased cost of water supply, treatment and distribution, a regionalization of water systems began to occur. Finally the susceptibility of surface water based systems to drought was realized in the late 1990.s through 2002 and alternate supplies became a realistic goal.

Category 2: Agriculture

This category includes the development, augmentation and improvement of agricultural storage, conveyance and distribution throughout the WBHB. Several administrative and planning issues have focused attention on this issue within the 30 year planning period. Agriculture has always been a significant player within the economy of the WBHB. Economic incentives are an essential element in maintaining agricultural production at current and future levels. Such incentives include inexpensive and available water supply, storage and distribution. Another important institutional factor in the WBHB.s water management is the two million acre Wind River Indian Reservation, located in Fremont and Hot Springs Counties. Tribal surface water rights date to 1868 and are the oldest in the WBHB. Legal proceedings between the State of Wyoming and the Shoshone and Arapaho Tribes awarded the right to 500,000 acre feet of water from the Wind River system to the Tribes. Half of this allotment was designated for new irrigation projects. Downstream users, whose rights are junior to those of the Tribes, are accustomed to having this water available. Working out a future planning scheme that will allow new uses and adequately distribute the existing water resources is a formidable task. Future planning projects must address this.

Category 3: Environmental and Recreational

This category includes development and preservation of water supplies for environmental purposes and recreational uses. Within the 30 year planning period, environmental and recreational uses are anticipated to become increasingly more important. Preservation of wetlands, riparian buffers, and maintenance of minimum streamflows and minimum reservoir pools are addressed as regulatory, as well as conservation goals. Tourism and recreation are increasingly important to the Wind/Bighorn Basin economy. With nearly 71% of the WBHB under public ownership, including several national forests and Yellowstone National Park, recreation interests are a major player. Water for fish hatcheries, campgrounds and golf courses are new demands. The impact of drought conditions and an administrative water rights call on junior appropriators have made the issue of minimum flows controversial.

Category 4: Religious and Cultural

This category includes the preservation and maintenance of existing springs, lakes and water sources for religious and cultural purposes. This category for the most part applies to the 2.2 million acre Wind River Indian Reservation, home of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes. The Reservation is located mostly in Fremont County, with a relatively small area in Hot Springs County. As active BAG members, the Tribes have identified preservation of water related natural features and sites for religious and cultural purposes as an important category.

5.1.3 . Project Sub-Categories

To assist in further project groupings eight sub-categories were developed as part of the Wind/Bighorn Basin planning process. These sub-categories were intended to allow comparison of projects based on the type of project and were as follows:

• Development of New Sources- includes the development of a new, previously undeveloped water source e.g. deep ground water.
• Distribution of Existing Sources- includes the construction of new canals, ditches and pipelines to improve agricultural or municipal conveyance. Regionalization of municipal systems is included in this sub-category.
• Storage of Existing Sources- includes the development of new storage opportunities for both agricultural and municipal purposes.
• Water Conservation- includes both structural and non-structural conservation measures to include municipal metering programs, use and reuse of grey water for parks and cemeteries, lining of agricultural ditches and more efficient sprinkler systems.
• Water Management- includes management of existing uses through water rights or storage facility administration. This sub-category includes a review of existing water rights and uses, potential abandonment of unused water rights, development of new accounting procedures such as augmentation plans and coordinated releases and reservoir schedules by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to meet specific WBHB needs.
• Conjunctive Use Options- includes the combination of several types of uses to address a water planning goal. This sub-category includes use of excess surface water to help recharge depleted ground water reserves, as well as using existing flood plain gravel pits for storage and later reuse of river flood flows.
• Basin Transfers-includes transfer of river flows from a basin or sub-basin with excess or underappropriated water to a basin where additional water is needed.
• Environmental and Recreation- includes the development and preservation of water supplies for environmental and recreation purposes. This subcategory includes water development for recreation purposes such as fish hatcheries, golf courses as well as maintenance of existing flows for environmental purposes. Finally, this category may include fencing, land purchase for preservation of riparian ecology.
• Development of New Uses- includes the development of new water uses within the WBHB. This sub-category includes the use of water in a fossil fuel power plant, bottled water plants, irrigating new lands and water for dust abatement.

5.1.4 . Screening Criteria

A significant task of the river basin planning process is the development of screening criteria and methods for evaluating future water use opportunities identified and listed for the study basins. The Wind/Bighorn Basin project team adopted the screening criteria and evaluation method, which was originally developed for the Green River Basin Plan. These criteria were presented to the BAG for consideration and comment.

Criterion 1: Need

This criterion reflects the ability of a project to meet existing and future water needs in the WBHB. A score of one is assigned if the project falls in an area of surplus. A score of ten reflects that the project will potentially benefit areas within existing shortages even during wet years.

Criterion 2: Water Availability

This criterion reflects the general ability of a project to function, given likely bypasses for environmental uses and prior rights. It is not a reflection of the relative size of the project. With respect to ground water availability, this criterion is reflective of an aquifer.s likelihood to yield the anticipated project demand. A score of one indicates no dependable supply, whereas a score of ten reflects that water is available even during dry years.

Criterion 3: Financial Feasibility

This criterion reflects the effects of the combination of technical feasibility, high or low construction costs, and economic use to which the water would be put (e.g. irrigation of native meadows vs. cultivation of alfalfa or row crops). The intent of this criterion is to indicate the sponsor.s ability to afford the project or meet Wyoming Water Development Commission (or other) funding source criteria. A low number, one, represents a project which is ineligible for WWDC funding or where the cost significantly exceeds the benefits. A high number represents a project that would more easily meet funding and repayment requirements.

Criterion 4: Public Acceptance

This criterion reflects the extent to which a project will encounter or create public controversy, one, versus a project that would likely engender broad public support, ten. For example, on-stream storage in environmentally sensitive areas would be very controversial, while off-channel storage in less sensitive areas would more likely be supported.

Criterion 5: Number of Sponsors/Beneficiaries/Participants

This criterion reflects the desirability of a project, that a project serving a larger segment of the population should be evaluated higher, ten, than one serving only a few, one. This criterion is problematical, when one applies it to many of the conservation or institutional/administrative options, or to projects where there is no clearly defined sponsor. Such projects could be ranked higher, since they benefit a large number of people, yet no single entity is identified as a lead or direct sponsor. As sponsors adopt these types of projects (e.g. leak detection/pipeline replacement), such projects will rise to the top of the short list.

Criterion 6: Legal/Institutional Concerns

This criterion reflects the perceived ease, ten, or difficulty, one, with which a project could be authorized and permitted under existing state and federal law. In several cases, certain long list projects received lower rankings because there was known opposition and the threat of litigation. A number one, reflects a project with known fatal flaws, whereas a number ten, reflects a project which is easily permittable, no mitigation required and has strong support from the environmental or neighborhood groups.

Criterion 7: Environmental/Recreational Benefits

This criterion reflects the positive, a number ten, environmental and recreational aspects of a project versus those projects, which have a potential negative, a number one, impact on recreation and/or the environment. If this project would result in no net gain or loss, a number five was assigned. For example a ground water development project for a small town would rate a five, since it has neither a positive or negative environmental benefit.

5.1.5 . Weighting of Screening Criteria

Each screening criterion was assigned a weight depending on its relative importance to assuring a successful project. Weights were assigned values between one and ten by the consulting team based on its understanding of the values and preferences expressed by BAG members during the project development. Weights are listed in the following table.

Table 5.1-1 Screening Criteria

Screening Criteria	Relative Weight
Need	8
Water Availability	7
Financial Feasibility	7
Public Acceptance	6
Number of Sponsors / Beneficiaries	6
Legal / Institutional Concerns	5
Environmental / Recreational Benefits	7

After the long list was developed, each long list project was evaluated for the individual criterion on the basis of one to ten. After applying the criterion weights to each number, a total .value. of the long list project was established.

5.1.6 . Long List of Future Water Use Opportunities

Compiling the long list of future water use opportunities began with a review of published reports available for the study basins, knowledge of the basin and recommendations received at the October 2002 BAG meeting. The level of information and data available for the projects identified through the literature review varied from very sketchy to completed conceptual designs.

Both surface and ground water development projects were identified and included on the long list. Municipal projects have and will continue to include replacement of surface water sources with deep ground water supplies. Regionalization of municipalities and rural areas are and will continue to be included in these types of projects. Water conservation projects were included on the long list and reflect a growing attitude of both the funding agencies and the people of the WBHB. Environmental, religious and cultural projects reflect the ethnic diversity of the users in the WBHB, which includes ranchers, tourists, city dwellers and members of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribe. Although hot geothermal water is present and serves as a major tourist attraction in portions of the WBHB (primarily, Yellowstone and Hot Springs County), it was not included in this study. Similarly, ground water produced in the development of coalbed methane was not included on the long list and is not considered a major player in the WBHB.

Water right permit applications have been submitted to the State Engineer for several of the projects included on the long list. Some of the applications have been approved and the State Engineer has granted permits authorizing project development. The majority of the projects, however, have not been elevated to permit status and the applications remain in the pending status. Several of the projects are in various stages of study and feasibility determination within the WWDC process. These were addressed in the long list and in some cases were elevated to the short list.

Water right information was not compiled for the projects, nor was water right status considered in the subsequent evaluations of the projects. Each of the projects on the long list were evaluated under the assumption that a water right for the project could be obtained and conflicts with competing water rights could be resolved. Consideration was given to simply compiling the water right status for information only and not for the purpose of evaluation. However, this task proved to be beyond the scope of this river basin planning study.

Another future water use opportunity in the WBHB is the establishment of instream flow water rights and minimum reservoir pools. These water rights are developed through a specified procedure that begins when the WGFC proposes a stream segment for an instream flow water right. Once submitted, the WWDC reviews the data and the stream hydrology to determine if adequate water is available to meet the proposed new water rights. The SEO then either grants or rejects the water right. Instream flow opportunities are included on the long list since not only have several reaches been granted, but a large number remain in the queue. As new segments are nominated they will be advanced through the process. Minimum reservoir pools have been proposed to sustain both recreation and fisheries. They have been included on the long list, yet specific locations (sponsors) have not been identified. This type of project will need to be reviewed and approved by the owner of the reservoir, which in many cases is the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

An initial long list, which included over 200 water storage projects was presented to the BAG in August of 2002. Following discussions and further input from the BAG a supplemental long list was presented to the BAG at the October meeting. These two lists were combined and amended in time for the December 2002 BAG meeting in Powell. This latter long list was broken into categories and sub-categories, which defined the type of project or project grouping. The individual long list projects were scored individually and as a category/sub-category group.

Although scoring and weighting of the individual projects did occur, the use of these multiple categories allowed projects of similar nature to be compared to each other directly. In this manner, an environmental project wasn.t directly compared to a municipal project.

5.1.7 . Short list of Future Water Use Opportunities

Projects and opportunities on the long list were reviewed to determine if they should be included on the short list or if they should be eliminated from consideration during the 30-year planning period. Reasons to eliminate projects included:

• The project had already been constructed;
• The location of the project facilities (i.e. within an environmentally sensitive or Wilderness Area), presented major legal, institutional, and permitting constraints;
• The original demand for the project no longer existed and is not expected to appear within the planning period;
• The project had no immediate or near term sponsor; or
• The project feasibility was questionable or did not fall within the upper percentile of screening criteria.

Given the size, breadth and distribution of project needs within the WBHB planning area, an attempt was made to develop short list projects that might benefit different interests throughout the WBHB. This included an attempted geographical distribution of projects throughout the planning area.

5.1.8 . Summary of Project Evaluation Methodology

The methodology described in this section is intended to assist the user of the long/short list of future water use opportunities. The process described can be employed to establish .a place to start. in the quest to match specific water demands to future water use opportunities. There should be no question that many of the long list projects may migrate to the short list and ultimately to project status over the 30-year planning horizon.

The process begins after a project need is defined. This project need could be served from the existing long list or short list of future water use opportunities or may require a new entry. The project need should be defined by its category and/or sub-category. The screening criteria, developed under this basin planning process should be applied or, in the case where things may have changed since the creation of the original long list, be reapplied to the project. The result of the screening process will be an evaluation of opportunities in accordance with the relative likelihood that they are desirable, functional, and capable of receiving enough public support to be implemented. In general, the results should present an overall favorable future water use opportunity or project.

Finally once a project is defined and screened, the process of implementation takes place. In many cases, this will include:

• Developing a sponsor, which might include the formation of regional joint powers board, local watershed council or agricultural district.
• Establishing of board members responsibilities and establishing a method to service members, collect fees and institute operating agreements;
• Preparing project funding package, which might include project need, project sponsor and time table for implementation of the project;
• Appling for grant or grant/loan package, which allows technical analysis of feasibility, project parameters and conceptual level costs;
• Appling for grant or grant/loan, which allows for final design, plans and specifications for final project implementation.
• Appling for project funding to construct the project.

5.2 . Project Summaries

5.2.1 . Introduction

As part of the BAG process, the Wind/Bighorn Project Planning Team developed a long list of potential structural and non-structural opportunities to meet current and projected water demands over the 30 year planning horizon. Structural opportunities include, but are not limited to storage reservoirs, deep ground water wells, and conveyance system upgrades. Non-structural opportunities include, but are not limited to local and basin-wide conservation, meters, leak detection programs and administrative changes in water rights and water delivery.

After the long list was developed, each long list project was evaluated for the individual criterion on the basis of one to ten. After applying the weights to each number, a total .value. of the long list project was established.

Appendix A: of this report presents the long list of potential future water use projects.

5.2.2 . Development of the Long List

The level of information and data available for the projects on the list of future water use opportunities varies significantly from very sketchy to completed conceptual designs. Therefore, the exercise of assigning weights to criterion and evaluation scores to projects is subjective and the results of the evaluation process can only be interpreted to reflect the knowledge and judgment of the individual assigning the weights and scores. In order to make the process more objective and less subjective, detailed engineering, legal, and environmental investigations would need to be completed to advance all projects to the same level of information and data.

The user is cautioned to avoid a quantitative comparison of projects solely based on their individual performance under the screening criteria and weighting process. With this in mind, the long list was presented to the BAG on a performance basis within the project category and/or subcategory. This process resulted in the establishment of four groups or quartiles as described below, and are included in Appendix A:

Group 1 . Projects that scored within the first quartile or the upper 25% of projects within a similar category.

Group 2 . Projects that scored within the second quartile or upper 25 to 50% of projects within a similar category.

Group 3 . Projects that scored within the third quartile or upper 50 to 75% of projects within a similar category.

Group 4 . All other remaining projects

As one can see from this list, water storage opportunities have been studied extensively over the years and there are over 200 potential water storage projects within the WBHB. Many of these projects are unrealistic, in that they fall in environmentally sensitive areas, may never be permitted, and/or they may not meet a basin plan, which prioritizes need, water availability and financial feasibility of the project as important parameters.

Several of the proposed long list projects are actually water administration ideas. For example .development and administration of flow augmentation plans. requires Wyoming Legislature, State Engineer and State Board of Control involvement. As more and more basin municipalities move from a surface water source to a deep Paleozoic well, more .out-of-basin. water (i.e. deep ground water) will be returned to the surface water system. This volume of water may serve as an administrative .credit. for future surface water supply development.

Other long list projects include water conservation ideas. These projects may include implementation of a Leak Detection Program for a municipality and replacement of old, leaking water lines. Although the concept will be implemented at the time of the development of the long list, no specific sponsor was identified. As such, its group weight is lower than if a sponsor was identified.

5.2.3 . Development of the Short list

As part of the process, the BAG members were asked to review the long list and identify potential opportunities not included on the proposed long list as well as the relative merits of the individual projects. Comments and suggestions received from BAG members and additional research led to the development of the final long list and ultimately the short list.

In the development of the short list, each project was assigned to a category: Municipal, Agriculture, Environmental/Recreational, and Cultural/Religious. Projects were then rated by category. For example, municipal projects were rated against other municipal projects. Agricultural storage projects were rated against similar projects. The final grouping of short list projects is presented in the following table.

5.2.4 . Summary

It must be emphasized that the short list tables reflect the knowledge and judgment of the individuals that performed the exercise. When other individuals having different opinions and a different level of knowledge of the projects being evaluated complete the exercise, different scores will result. Variable results will be achieved because different weights will be assigned to the evaluation criteria and different scores will be assigned to the projects.

One should recognize that the final Wind/Bighorn Basin short list is a reflection of the Planning Team.s professional opinion and an attempted quantitative evaluation. Individual BAG members and the BAG, as an entity, may disagree or find other rationale for including certain long list projects on the final short list.

It is hoped that this short list may help initiate the required investigations leading to the selection of a future water use opportunity or it may lead to a new and completely separate evaluation. The evaluated short list is preliminary in nature and should not be used by any other funding entity to prioritize funding awards.

Table 5.2-1 Short List of Future Projects:

Category	Name of Project	Description of Project	Location of Project
I. MUNICIPAL
Type of Project: New Source	Paleozoic Well Field	Construct Deep Aquifer Supply	Regionalization: Lander/ Hudson/Riverton
	Paleozoic Well Field	Construct Deep Aquifer Supply	Regionalization: W.R. Reservation
	Paleozoic Well Field	Construct Deep Aquifer Supply	Regionalization: Hot Springs County
Type of Project: Distribution/ Storage Opportunities	Bighorn Regional Joint Powers Board	Storage Tanks/Transmission	HotSprings/Washakie County
	Tensleep/Hyattville	Storage Tanks/Transmission	Washakie County
Type of Project: Conjunctive Use	Aquifer Storage and Retrieval	Alluvial Aquifer Augmentation	Upper Wind River/Riverton Area
Type of Project: Water Management	Ground Water Control District	Administration of Future Development	Riverton Area
	Ground Water Control District	Administration of Future Development	Paintrock Anticline and Hyattville
Type of Project: Water Conservation	Leak Detection	Municipal Survey and Repair of Leaks	Basin-wide
	Reuse of Grey Water Non Potable Water	Irrigation of Parks/Cemetaries	Basin-wide
II. AGRICULTURAL
Type of Project: New Source	None
Type of Project: Storage Opportunities	Bull Lake Dam Enlargement	Reservoir Enlargement	Big Wind River
	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement	Reservoir Enlargement	Big Wind River
	Steamboat	New Reservoir	Big Wind River
	Ray Lake	Reservoir Enlargement	Little Wind River
	Little Popo Agie-Off Channel Site 5	New Reservoir	Little Popo Agie
	Pumpkin Draw	New Reservoir	Owl Creek
	Neff Park (Popo Agie Study)	New Reservoir	Popo Agie
	Lake Creek	New Reservoir	Clarks Fork
	Moraine Creek No. 1	New Reservoir	Shell Creek
Type of Project: Distribution	Popo Agie Master Plan	Ditch Headgate and Diversion Improvements	Popo Agie Basin
	Kirby Creek Watershed	Stock Reservoirs	Kirby Creek Basin
Type of Project: New Lands	Riverton East	Construct New Diversions/Ditches	Wind River Basin
	Westside	Construct New Diversions/Ditches	Big Horn Basin
Type of Project: Water Conservation	Midvale/LeClair Riverton Valley	Ditch Linings/ Conveyance Improvements	Wind River Basin
	Wind River Irrigation Project	Ditch Linings/ Conveyance Improvements	Wind River Basin
Type of Project: Basin Transfer	Clarks Fork to Greybull Drainage	Storage and Pipeline	Clarks Fork to Big Horn Basin
III. ENVIRONMENTAL	Instream Flows	Admin Minimum Flows	Wind and Big Horn Basin
	Minimum Reservoir Pools	Admin Reservoir Releases	Wind and Big Horn Basin
	Watershed/Habitat Improv.	Water Quality Impaired Streams	Big Horn Basin
IV. CULTURAL and RELIGIOUS	Water Use by Tribes	Coordinated Reservoir Releases	Wind and Big Horn Basin

5.3 . Opportunities to Enhance and Protect Water Quality

5.3.1 . Introduction

Since the passage of the 1973 Environmental Quality Act, the State of Wyoming has empowered the Water Quality Division of the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ-WDQ) with the authority to promulgate surface and ground water standards and regulations, and to protect water quality through the agency.s permitting and enforcement processes. The Wind River Indian Reservation (WRIR) has a similar department of environmental quality. The state and tribal programs must comply with a variety federal regulations, including the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and others.

Ground water quality, availability, and usage are discussed in Chapter 3 of the Technical Memorandum, Tab 17, .Ground Water Availability.. Currently no ground water protection or ground water control areas are designated within the WBHB, however, two areas in the WBHB have been identified for potential ground water protection due to high use.

For surface water, the DEQ-WDQ and similar tribal programs have classified streams and water bodies within the WBHB in accordance with EPA.s 303 regulations and have created a 303 (d) listing of impaired streams. The Wyoming 303 (d) listing of impaired streams and water bodies for the WBHB is provided in Appendix B of Chapter 2 of the Technical Memorandum, Tab 9, .Environmental and Recreational Use. or can be found at http://deq.state.wy.us/.

Watershed planning, sponsored by the WWDC, is in progress for the Popo Agie watershed and is proposed for 2003 funding for the Kirby Creek watershed. Watershed planning is also conducted within areas dominated by federal lands and by federal land management agencies such as the BLM and U.S. Forest Service under their own programs.

5.3.2 . Inter-Agency Considerations

Ten of Wyoming.s 34 Conservation Districts are located in the Wind River, Bighorn and Clarks Fork Basin. They are the Powell, Clarks Fork, Shoshone, Cody, South Bighorn, Meeteetse, Washakie County, Hot Springs County, Dubois Crowheart, Lower Wind River, and Popo Agie Conservation Districts. These conservation districts conduct a variety of programs, which are designed to minimize agricultural related impacts to the environment and water quality.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has a number of programs administered by its Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The Wind River, Bighorn and Clarks Fork Basins are administered through a single NRCS district office located in Worland. NRCS initiatives related to water quality and environmental protection include: the Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP), the Environmental Quality Incentive Program (EQIP), the Conservation Resource Program (CRP), and the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP).

Other considerations within the WBHB include: Yellowstone National Park; Wyoming.s only Congressionally designated .Wild and Scenic River., a twenty-mile stretch of the Clarks Fork river near Cody; the Wind River Indian Reservation; the presence of glaciers in the Wind River mountains whose drainage is tributary to the WBHB; and federal land ownership of some 61% of the WBHB. Examples of inter-agency cooperation with respect to water quality protection and/or enhancement include; cooperative water quality sampling and analysis relative to 303 (d) by the DEQ-WDQ and various Conservation Districts, and WWDC sponsored watershed planning studies sponsored by Conservation Districts with participation by NRCS, BLM, and/or others.

5.3.3 . Water Quality Impairments and Special Considerations

Waters are declared .impaired. when they fail to support their designated uses after full implementation of the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permits and "best management practices." Under the Clean Water Act, every state must update its .303(d). list of impaired waters every two years after reviewing "all readily available data and information." Appendix B, Chapter 2, Tab 9, .Environmental and Recreational Use. of the Technical Memorandum, provides listing information on water bodies in the WBHB that are considered quality impaired under section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act. The 2002 303 (d) listing, includes 19 reaches of impaired streams within the Wind River, Bighorn, and Clarks Fork River Basins. Of the impaired reaches 16 are related to levels of fecal coliform. The remaining three reaches, all along the Clarks Fork, are impaired due to elevated metal concentrations. The 303 (d) listing also includes 13 threatened waterbodies. One of the impairments is related to loss of habitat and the other 12 are threatened due to fecal coliform.

5.3.4 . Summary

As discussed in Chapter 3, Tab 17, of the Technical Memorandum .Ground Water Availability., two areas in the WBHB have been identified for potential ground water protection due to high use. These are the Upper Wind River aquifer in the vicinity of Riverton and the Madison/Bighorn Aquifer within the Paintrock Anticline near Hyattville. Surface water quality impairments are primarily due to elevated levels of fecal coliform. The source of contamination in all cases is listed as unknown. One aspect of current watershed improvement planning projects is to reduce the concentrations of livestock instream floodplains and wetland areas. If this current livestock use is contributing to the elevated levels of fecal coliform, the planned watershed improvements should reduce the fecal coliform levels. Current watershed planning also focuses on the reduction of erosion and associated contribution of sediment to the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) of the streams. In addition, various land management agencies (BLM, U.S. Forest Service, National Park Service), the Wind River Indian Reservation, conservancy districts, and agencies such as the NRCS each have programs relative to watershed improvement, which will in turn improve surface water quality.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 6 POTENTIAL FOR POWER PRODUCTION

CHAPTER 6
POTENTIAL FOR POWER PRODUCTION

As part of the WBHB Plan, this study evaluates the potential for power production within the basin planning study area. The analysis considers the physical and economic ability to produce power via hydropower or fossil fuels, the market potential for hydropower purchases and the economics of financing the facilities. The purpose of the report is to develop a conceptual-level evaluation of the opportunities for power development within the WBHB. The information contained herein relies heavily on previously published information, information developed in the WBHB Plan and past projects by the consulting team. The report serves as a roadmap to further studies on particular power generation types and sites.

The WBHB Planning study area incorporates the Wind, Bighorn, Clarks Fork of the Yellowstone, Yellowstone, Madison and Gallatin River Basins. Because those portions of the Yellowstone, Madison and Gallatin River Basins within the state of Wyoming are within Yellowstone National Park, no water development projects were proposed in the basin plan, and thus, no discussion of potential power projects within the park is considered in this report. All of the river basins are tributary to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana, which is subsequently tributary to the Missouri River in northeastern Montana. In general, the WBHB Plan found that there is ample opportunity for water development projects within the WBHB, including the need and availability of water for major reservoirs. These reservoir sites were used as a basis for the hydropower sites within this report.

6.2 . Power Development Opportunities and Constraints

A power market survey was performed to assess the regional market for power, particularly hydropower, in the Wind/Bighorn Basin area. The objectives of the survey were to characterize the regional power marketplace, identify potential power purchasers and to estimate the approximate pricing range available for power in the WBHB.

Three major transmission-owning utilities operate in the general vicinity of the study area. The Western Area Power Administration (WAPA) transmission facilities are generally 115kv, and parallel the Bighorn River from approximately Riverton to Lovell. PacifiCorp-East lines are generally 230kv, and can be tapped northwest of Thermopolis. Tri-State lines are generally at or below 115kv, and could be tapped west of Lovell, Thermopolis and Riverton. Black Hills Power and Light and Basin Electric Power Cooperative also own small segments of transmission facilities, primarily as generator outlet transmission or to serve isolated load areas. WAPA or PacifiCorp-East facilities would be the most suitable interconnections, since Tri-State lines have a generally radial configuration. PacifiCorp-East and WAPA indicated a willingness to allow interconnections to their system. There are, however, limitations in transmission capacity from the region to outside areas. Historically, there have been constraints moving power from Wyoming southward to the Denver area. This suggests that the power project would be most justified based on in-basin demand, rather on demand in the entire Rocky Mountain Region or beyond.

The operation of numerous hydroelectric and coal-fired plants in the region heavily influences the market for power, including market pricing. Eight parties expressed potential interest in purchasing project output, and none expressed strong interest. Four parties (WAPA, PacifiCorp-East, Wyoming Municipal Power Agency, and Tri-State) indicated a specific interest in seeing a project built with a degree of dispatchability. For a hydropower plant, this would require a reservoir with a certain amount of storage space dedicated to hydropower that could be managed for power production first, with only secondary benefits for water supply, recreation, environmental enhancement, etc. Power companies who expressed an interest in power, created from future projects, indicated a general power purchase price in the range of $0.04/kwh. Final pricing would be based on market conditions at the time contracts were negotiated, and in some cases could be indexed to the Mid-Columbia region power trading hub in Oregon.

6.3 . Hydropower Facilities

The analysis of hydropower facilities was conducted in two steps. First, a .long list. of potential hydropower sites was generated based on proposed reservoir facilities generated as part of the Wind/Bighorn River Basin Plan. Then, a screening process was used to reduce the long list to a .short list. of 11 sites. A more detailed hydropower facility and economic analysis was conducted on the short listed sites. Because the primary purpose of this study was to identify regional-scale hydropower projects that could be developed in conjunction with additional storage for water supply purposes in the WBHB, smaller hydropower installations, such as hydropower installations on canals, run-of-river installations using piped diversions and facilities on smaller reservoirs were not considered.

Developing a short list from the long list incorporated both numeric scoring of criteria, subjective scoring of criteria and other general information about the site. The criteria used during the screening process included:

• Potential hydropower score/grouping as calculated in this study;
• Water supply score/grouping as calculated using methodologies previously in Chapter 5 of this report;
• Interest in specific sites from BAG members or WWDC staff;
• Distribution of sites between basins and sub-basins;
• Availability of site specific information from other studies.

Scoring for criteria 1 and 2 were performed based upon the methodologies described previously. Once the scoring was performed, the sites were sorted based upon scores and divided into 4 groups based upon the score quartiles. Then, in general, sites were selected based upon criteria 3 through 5, with a concentration on those sites with scores in the first or second quartile. A summary of the short listed sites is shown in Table 6.3-1.

Table 6.3-1 Short list of Hydropower Sites

Site ID	Site Name	Basin	Region	Reservoir Capacity (ac-ft)	Hydropower Group	Water Supply Group
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4	Wind	Big Wind River	159,000	1	1
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Pump-Storage)	Wind	Big Wind River	159,000	1	1
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement	Wind	Big Wind River	82,580	2	1
53	Steamboat	Wind	Big Wind River	36,000	2	1
61	Wind River Blue Holes	Wind	Big Wind River	375,000	1	1
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1	Wind	Big Wind River	103,000	1	2
81	Clarks Fork	Clarks Fork	Clarks Fork River	522,850	1	4
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3	Wind	Little Wind River	38,600	1	3
153	Kirby	Bighorn	Mainstem Bighorn River	130,000	1	2
174	Nowood River	Bighorn	Nowood River	175,000	1	4
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2	Bighorn	Owl Creek	20,090	2	2

Notes:

(1) Score groupings are based upon quartiles of the scores for all sites. Those sites in group 1 were in the upper 25% of scores, those in group 2 in the top 25% to 50%, those in group 3 in the top 50% to 75% of scores, and those in group 4 in the bottom 25%.

Hydropower generation is primarily a function of the head available at the site and the flow rate through the generation facility. An operational analysis of each reservoir site was conducted using the dry, average and wet year hydrology and downstream water supply demands generated in the Wind/Bighorn River Basin Plan. From this information, available head and release rates were determined. Standard methodologies and values for turbine and generator efficiency were used to size hydropower facilities and calculate hydropower generation at each site. For most sites, two turbine sizes were investigated to bracket the potential configuration at the site. A summary of the hydropower calculations is shown in Table 6.3-2.

6.4 . Fossil Fuel Facilities

The analysis shows that either coal fired or gas fired electric power generation facilities within the WBHB would be feasible. Recent advances in gas turbine technology and diminished environmental impacts, as compared to coal fired facilities, may favor gas turbine facilities. It is assumed that power developments will be modest, based on local consumption needs, due to current limitations in regional transmission capacity.

A summary of the conceptual designs and annual revenues expected from the fossil fuel facilities is presented in Table 6.4-1. The plant capacities were developed based upon estimates of the extractable coal from the representative coal fields and project life, and developed using similar facilities elsewhere in Wyoming. Unit construction costs for the facilities were taken from Idaho National Energy Laboratories published data (INEL, 2003). Annual energy production was calculated based upon an average annual generation to capacity ratio of 85%, while annual revenue was calculated based upon power prices developed in the market study.

Table 6.3-2 Summary of Average Annual Hydropower Facility Analysis

Site ID	Site Name	Turbine Flow (cfs)	Unit Size (kw)	Turbine Output (kw)	Hydropower Generation (MWh)	Power Revenue ($1.000)
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Small Unit)	500	9,300	2,471	20,104	668
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Large Unit)	600	11,000	2,469	20,100	667
16	Pumped Storage @ Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Gen)	2,000	30,000	26,196	72,049	446
16	Pumped Storage @ Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Pump)	2,000	38,000	25,986	94,854
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement (Small Unit)	175	500	83	674	22
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement (Large Unit)	350	1,000	119	945	31
53	Steamboat	230	900	551	4,490	149
61	Wind River Blue Holes	920	16,500	7,306	58,144	1,930
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1 (Small Unit)	45	600	97	803	27
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1 (Large Unit)	455	6,000	616	4,979	139
81	Clark Fork No. 2 (24 Hours Operation)	800	15,000	11,616	95,370	3,166
81	Clark Fork No. 2 (8 Hours Peaking Operation)	2,400	45,000	34,405	94,100	3,556
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3 (Small Unit)	105	1,800	1,289	10,539	350
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3 (Large Unit)	150	2,500	1,324	10,639	353
153	Kirby (24 Hours Operation)	1,550	7,500	5,724	46,942	1,559
153	Kirby (8 Hours Peaking Operation)	4,650	16,000	13,082	35,884	1,356
174	Nowood River (Small Unit)	400	3,100	2,319	19,003	631
174	Nowood River (Large Unit)	500	3,800	2,383	19,310	641
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2 (Small Unit)	55	550	154	1,230	41
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2 (Large Unit)	100	900	145	1,119	37

Notes:

(1) Summary for Normal (Average) Hydrologic Year

(2) Assumed power price = $33.20 per MWh

Table 6.4-1 Summary of Potential Fossil Fuel Power Facilities

Site	Type	Capacity (MW)	Construction Cost ($ million)	Annual Generation (MWh)	Annual Revenue (million)	Project Life (years)	Employees
							Mine	Plant O&M
Wind	Coal	200	$368.5	1,489,200	$49.4	30	55	50
Bighorn	Coal	300	$552.7	2,233,800	$74.2	30	155	50
General	Gas Turbine	500	$263.2	3,723,000	$123.6	30	---	25

6.5 . Economic Analysis

To determine the overall economic feasibility of the hydropower facilities, benefit-cost ratios were estimated for the proposed hydropower generation facilities at each site. In estimating the net cash flow for each year, the power revenue, operation and managment costs, and tax and loan payment were included in the analysis and the present worth of the net cash for each year was estimated based on the assumed discount rate. The sum of the net present worth during the project life was compared with the present total capital costs to determine the benefit/cost ratio. If the benefit/cost ratio is higher than one, the project would be economically feasible. For this analysis, the following factors were used: a 30-year and 50-year project life, a discount rate of

Table 6.5-1 Benefit/Cost Ratios for Hydropower Sites

Site ID	Site Name	Unit Size (MW)	B-C Ratio for Given Loan Life and Escalation Rate
			30-year		50-year
			2 percent	3 percent	2 percent	3 percent
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Small Unit)	9.3	0.119	0.193	N/A	N/A
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4 (Large Unit)	11.0	0.119	0.194	N/A	0.475
16	Pumped Storage @ Bull Lake Creek No. 4	30.0	N/A	(-) 0.332	N/A	-0.267
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement (Small Unit)	0.5	(-) 0.937	(-) 1.002	N/A	(-) 0.779
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement (Large Unit)	1.0	(-) 0.714	(-) 0.749	N/A	(-) 0.854
53	Steamboat	0.9	0.413	0.526	N/A	0.943
61	Wind River Blue Holes	16.5	0.492	0.616	N/A	1.069
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1 (Small Unit)	0.6	(-) 0.769	(-) 0.812	N/A	N/A
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1 (Large Unit)	6.0	0.314	N/A	0.582	N/A
81	Clark Fork No. 2 (24 Hours Operation)	15	1.292	1.521	N/A	N/A
81	Clark Fork No. 2 (8 Hours Peaking Operation)	45	N/A	1.126	N/A	N/A
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3 (Small Unit)	1.8	0.818	0.984	N/A	1.588
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3 (Large Unit)	2.5	N/A	0.931	N/A	N/A
153	Kirby (24 Hours Operation)	7.5	1.080	1.281	N/A	N/A
153	Kirby (8 Hours Peaking Operation)	16.0	N/A	0.333	N/A	N/A
174	Nowood River (Small Unit)	3.1	1.237	1.459	N/A	N/A
174	Nowood River (Large Unit)	3.8	N/A	1.397	N/A	N/A
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2 (Small Unit)	0.6	(-) 0.540	(-) 0.553	(-) 0.551	N/A
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2 (Large Unit)	0.9	(-) 0.496	(-) 0.502	(-) 0.492	N/A

Notes:

(1) Bolded B/C Ratio indicates those with values greater than 1.0

(2) The B/C ratios shown in this table for the Clarks Fork and Kirby sites are for facilities built primarily for water supply purposes with secondary power benefits.

(3) N/A = Analysis not necessary based on analysis at lower rates.

(4) B/C Ratio = Annual Net Cash Flow/Annualized Capital Cost

5%, escalation rates of 2% and 3%, and loan amount 50% of the total capital costs. For those sites found feasible, other loan amounts were investigated. Table 6.5-1 presents a summary of the analysis.

Secondary economic benefits would be realized from both a hydropower facility and fossil fuel facilities. Secondary economic benefits could include decreased power costs for in-basin users due to an increase in supply, increased services provided by local companies for facility operation and maintenance and increased services supplied to facility employees. However, the primary economic benefit analyzed in this report is the increase in employment generated by the facility, both during construction and during operations. For the hydropower portion of the dam project, between 10 and 50 employees may be on-site at any given time. A majority of these employees are skilled labor and would likely be brought to the site by the contractor. However, up to 20% of the employees could possibly be hired locally. In general, once hydropower facilities are constructed and in typical operational mode, the manpower required for operations and maintenance is minimal because the dam sites are controlled from a central facility. Typically, one person or less would be required to perform day-to-day maintenance for the size of facilities being considered.

The benefit/cost ratios for fossil fuel facilities are shown in Table 6.5-2. As shown, for escalation rates of 3%, all of the facilities are economically feasible. However, at 2% escalation rates, the coal-fired facilities are only marginally feasible. It should be noted that because operation and management costs are significant for fossil fuel facilities, the benefit/cost ratio is sensitive to the estimates that are made for operation and maintenance. Secondary benefits from employment at fossil fuel facilities were discussed in the previous sub-section.

Table 6.5-2 Benefit/Cost Ratios for Fossil fuel Sites

Facility	Capacity (MW)	30-year		50-year
		2 percent	3 percent	2 percent	3 percent
Bighorn Basin - Coal	200	0.835	1.003	N/A	N/A
Wind River Basin - Coal	300	0.836	1.006	N/A	N/A
Typical Gas	500	1.079	1.280

Notes:

(1) Loan amount = 50% of total costs, interest rate = 4%.

6.6 . Permitting and Environmental Issues

The proposed reservoir sites would require several federal and state permits. These permits would be required for the reservoir with or without hydropower. However, due to possible differences in release patterns, there could be slightly different impacts due to the facilities.

Federal permitting requirements associated with the enlargement of either an existing facility or the construction of a new facility are addressed under the National Environmental Protection Act (NEPA). It is likely that some form of a reservoir or retention basin would be constructed as part of the hydropower plant facility and would trigger an Army Corps of Engineers 404 permit. It is likely that an individual 404 permit would be required for the facility. The facilities would also require licensing from the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

The State of Wyoming and/or Shoshone and Arapaho Tribes will also require some permits to be issued. These permits would include those obtained from the Industrial Siting Administration as well as other divisions of the DEQ-WDQ. Depending upon the project site, access roads, and potential to disrupt traffic during construction, permits from the Wyoming Department of Transportation may be necessary. Diversion and beneficial use of unappropriated waters would require the appropriate permits be obtained from the Wyoming State Engineer.s Office and the Tribal Water Engineer.s Office. Additional issues affecting the sites are presented in Table 6.6-1.

Table 6.6-1 Site Specific Environmental Concerns

Site ID	Site Name	Wetland Acreage	Threatened Species	Rare Plants	* Cultural Concerns	Other Factors
16	Bull Lake Creek No. 4(Conventional and Pump-Storage)	231.5	None	None	Yes	Lands affected will be tribal lands while the dam structure is under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Reclamation.
25	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement	23.9	None	Dubois Milkvetch	Yes	Home owners may be impacted by the proposed site.
53	Steamboat	94.9	None	None	Yes	The proposed site may impact Tribal land as well as private property.
61	Wind River Blue Holes	146.2	None	Dubois Milkvetch, Rocky Mountain Twinpod	Yes	The proposed site may impact Tribal land as well as private property.
62	Wind River East Fork No. 1	19.4	None	Dubois Milkvetch,Rocky Mountain Twinpod	Yes	The proposed site may impact Tribal land as well as private property. Homeowners may be affected by the proposed dam structure.
81	Clarks Fork	23.5	None	Contracted Indian Ricegrass, Shoshonea	Nothing on record	WY Game & Fish facilities in the area may be impacted. A dam structure may impact the area upstream that is designated as Wild and Scenic.
134	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3	2.6	None	Beaver Rim Phlox	Yes	The proposed site may impact Tribal land as well as private property.
153	Kirby	41.3	None	Contracted Indian Ricegrass	Nothing on record	The proposed site may lie on federal land as well as private property. A railroad line and highway are located near the river and should be addressed.
174	Nowood River	54.4	None	Contracted Indian Ricegrass, Persistent Sepal Yellowcress	Nothing on record	The proposed site may lie on federal land as well as private property
193	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2	Unknown	None	Owl Creek Miner.s Candle, Rocky Mountain Twinpod	Nothing on record	The proposed site may lie on Tribal land as well as private property.

Notes:

(1) Cultural concerns at the various locations are not presented in the table but range from petroglyphs, sheep fences, burial sites and areas with artifacts as a result of past habitation.

6.7 . Recommendations and Conclusions

The WBHB Power Study was conducted to analyze the potential for both hydropower and fossil fuel facilities within the WBHB. Several potential projects were analyzed to determine the technical feasibility of the project and the economics of project development.

• The market study generally concluded that although there is not a significant demand for baseload energy, interest was expressed in dispatchable power, or power that can be generated on demand by the power providers.
• The Nowood River site appears economically feasible for all of the economic situations analyzed. The Nowood River site could be operated to meet water supply demands. However, since few downstream shortages were identified, it would primarily be operated for hydropower purposes.
• Two of the reservoir sites, the Clarks Fork site and the Kirby site, were analyzed for two different scenarios: the facility was built for hydropower purposes alone and the facility was built primarily for water supply purposes with secondary power benefits. For both sites, building the dam for hydropower purposes alone was not economically feasible. If the dam was built primarily for water supply purposes with secondary benefits for power, the power facilities would be economically feasible.
• Three of the hydropower sites could be marginally economically feasible given optimal financing and project life: the Steamboat site, the Wind River Blue Holes site and the Little Wind River North Fork No. 3 site. However, at each of these sites, because they are primarily operated for water supply and releases, power generation could not necessarily be guaranteed and it may be difficult to contract with a power purchaser.
• Hydropower facilities do not offer significant employment benefits because of operational automation.
• Coal-fired power plants appear technically and economically feasible and can offer significantly more local employment opportunity than hydropower facilities.
• Gas turbine power plants appear to be the most economically viable alternative that was analyzed. These plants can capitalize on the abundance of natural gas within the WBHB, and offer the dispatchable power required by the power providers.

As shown above, the gas turbine power plants are the most attractive option for new power generation within the WBHB. However, if any reservoir were to be further evaluated for water supply purposes, these evaluations should include a technical and economic analysis of the potential for power generation. For development of any of the proposed projects, a sponsoring group or agency would need to be identified and formed. Then, this group would need to commence discussions with the potential power purchasers and provide a more detailed analysis of the selected alternative.

Appendix A
Long List of Future Water Use Opportunities

Development of New Resources

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Ground Water Development	Paleozic Aquifer	Madison Aquifer vic. Of Lander	2
		Madison Aquifer vic. Of Southern Bighorn Basin	1
		Flathead Aquifer nr. Thermopolis, Hyattville	1
		Tensleep Aquifer nr. Big Trails	4
		Madison Aquifer nr. Hyattville	3
	Tertiary Aquifer	Wind River Aquifer vic. Gas Hills Area	4
		Flooded Uranium Mine Pits nr. Gas Hills	3
Flow Augmentation	Municipal Wastewater, when supplied fm. GW	Worland	1
		Greybull	2
		Basin / Manderson	2
		Hyattville	3
		Tensleep Creek	3
	Cloud Seeding / Weather Modification	Bighorn Mountains	4

Distribution of Existing Resources

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
New Canals, Ditches or Pipelines	Municipal Systems Regionalization	Bighorn Regional Joint Powers Board	1
		Lander-Hudson Proposal	1
		Town of Tensleep Regionalization	1
		Dubois Regional	1
	Agricultural Conveyance	Popo Agie River Master Plan	1
		Kirby Creek Master Plan	1
		Owl Creek/Hot Springs Conservation District	2
Storage	Varies	Varies	Varies
Construction of New Municipal Storage	Bighorn Regional Joint Powers Board		1
	Town of Tensleep Regionalization		1
	Hyattville Water System		2

Conservation

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Structural	Municipal/Industrial Users	Meters for Unmetered Municipalities	3
		Leak Detection Program	2
		Utility Line Replacement	2
	Agricultural Users	Lining ditches to reduce seepage losses	2
		Change from open ditch to pipeline	2
		Midvale Irrigation District	1
		LeClair Laterals	1
		Riverton Valley Crossings	1
		More efficient irrigation systems	2
		Low head sprinklers	2
		Soil tensiometers and irrigation scheduling	3
Non-Structural	Municipal/Industrial Users	Reclaimed Water for Irrigation	4
		User rate schedule to promote conservation	3
		Use of raw water for irrigation	4
		Town of Greybull	1
	Agricultural Users	Change in crops to decrease consumptive use	4
		Irrigation Scheduling	4

Management

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Administrative: WSEO	Review of Beneficial Uses		4
	Abandonment of Unused Water Rights		4
	Development and Admin. of Augmentation Plans		2
Cultural or Religious Management	Water use for cultural purposes	Coordinated Releases	1
	Water use for religious purposes	Coordinated Releases	1
Administrative: USBR	Revised Reservoir Operations Schedule	Boysen Reservoir - Lower Winter Releases	3
		Boysen Reservoir - Higher Winter Releases	3

Conjunctive Use

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Storage and Delivery Options	Lined Gravel Pits nr. River	Opportunities near Worland, Greybull and Cody	3
	Aquifer Storage and Retrieval	Recharge of alluvial system along Bighorn River	4
		Recharge of alluvial system along Upper Wind R.	2

Basin Transfers

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Transbasin Diversions(In-Basin)	Clarks Fork to Greybull River	Pipeline	1
	Wood River to Gooseberry Creek	Excess storage in Sunshine Res. And pipeline	2
	Wood River to Cottonwood/Grass Creek	Excess storage in Sunshine Res. And pipeline	2
Transbasin Diversions(Out-of-Basin)	Transfer to Colorado River Basin	Pipeline and Reservoir	4
	Transfer to North Platte Basin	Pipeline and Reservoir	3

Environmental and Recreation

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Fishing/Environmental/Rafting	In Stream or Minimum Flows		1
	Minimum Reservoir Pool		1
	River Restoration/ Habitat Improvement		2
Recreation and Tourism	Golf Courses		3
	Whitewater Parks		3
	Public Access		4

Development of New Uses

Sub-Category	Location, General Description	Project Description	Group
Municipal/Industrial	Bottled Water		1
	In-Situ Uranium		4
	Hydropower		4
	Fossil Fuels Power Generation	Wind River Reservation	4
		Grass Ck./Kirby Ck. Near Winchester	4
Agricultural	New Lands to Irrigation	Westside Irrigation Project, Washakie County	1
		Riverton East	1
		North Crowheart	2
		South Crowheart	2
		Bighorn Flats	3
	Improved Distribution of Stock Water	BLM Lands west of Big Trails	2
		Eastern Wind River Basin	3
		Muskrat Creek, Poison Creek, and Badwater Creek	3
		Kirby Creek, Hot Springs County	3
Other Uses	Dust abatement at Buffalo Bill Res.		2

Storage Projects

Project Name	Location	Capacity (AF/y)	Rank
Big Wind River and tributaries above confluence with Little Wind River	Bear Creek	30,500	2
	Brooks Lake	24,500	1
	Bull Lake Dam Enlargement	48,000	1
	Bull Lake Creek No. 1	96,700	2
	Bull Lake Creek No. 2	63,700	1
	Bull Lake Creek No. 3	1,200	2
	Bull Lake Creek No. 4	159,000	1
	Caldwell Creek	45,000	2
	Crow Creek No. 1	36,060	3
	Crow Creek No. 2	43,000	3
	Crowheart No.1	106,701	1
	Crowheart No.2	7,500	2
	Dinwoody Creek No. 1	16,500	1
	Dinwoody Creek No.2	35,000	2
	Dinwoody Lake Enlargement	82,580	2
	Dinwoody Re-Regulation No. 1	40	3
	Dinwoody Re-Regulation No. 2	2,200	2
	Dry Creek No. 1	4,300	3
	Dry Creek No. 2	0	4
	Dry Creek No. 3	22,508	3
	Dry Creek No. 4	116,000	3
	Dry Creek No. 5	0	4
	Dunoir Creek	150,000	2
	Horse Creek	30,000	3
	Kinnear	8,000	2
	Kinnear Reservoir	7,102	1
	LeClair Warm Springs	3,000	2
	Meadow Creek	5,800	4
	Meadow Creek Re-Regulation No. 4	19	3
	Mud Lake	26,208	2
	Ocean Lake Enl	40,400	1
	Off-Channel (site 1)	870	3
	Off-Channel (site 2)	4,200	3
	Off-Channel (site 3)	870	3
	Off-Channel (site 7)	1,850	1
	Passup Creek	4,300	4
	Pilot Butte	0	4
	Red Creek No. 1	2,800	4
	Red Creek No. 2	2,500	4
	Re-Regulation No.3	85	4
	Sand Draw No. 1	27,000	2
	Sand Draw No. 2	40,000	2
	Steamboat	36,000	1
	Tipperay	36,312	3
	Torrey Creek	24,900	2
	Torrey Lake	33,000	2
	Warm Springs Creek	5,000	2
	Wiggins Fork No. 1	325,000	2
	Wiggins Fork No. 2	270,000	2
	Willow Creek No. 1	45,000	4
	Wind River Blue Holes	375,000	1
	Wind River East Fork No. 1	103,000	2
	Wind River East Fork No. 2	25,000	3
	Wind River East Fork No. 3	31,000	2
	Wind River East Fork No. 4	53,500	3
	Wind River East Fork No. 5	68,443	2
	Wind River East Fork No. 6	41,000	3
	Wind River East Fork No. 7	122,560	3
	Wind River No. 1	113,000	1
	Wind River No. 2	112,000	1
	Wind River No. 3	230,000	1
	Wind River No. 4	195,776	1
	Wind River No. 5	62,650	1
	Wind River No. 6	70,494	1
Wind River Phase 1	133,950	1
Little Wind River and tributaries (excluding Popo Agie River and Beaver Creek)	Grave Lake	4,500	3
	Little Wind River No. 1	22,600	1
	Little Wind River No. 2	55,080	2
	Little Wind River No.	55,080	2
	Little Wind River North Fork No. 1	16,500	3
	Little Wind River North Fork No. 2	14,800	2
	Little Wind River North Fork No. 3	0	3
	Mill Creek	3,900	3
	Raft Lake	90,000	3
	Ray Lake Enl.	41,650	1
	Sage Creek No. 1	11,700	3
	Sage Creek No. 2	3,030	1
	Sage Creek South Fork No. 1	10,860	3
	Sage Creek South Fork No. 2	12,300	3
	Sage Creek South Fork No. 3	35,000	3
	Sharp Nose Draw No. 1	2,300	1
	Sharp Nose Draw No. 3	8,500	1
	South Fork Little Wind River No. 1	144,000	2
	South Fork Little Wind River No. 3	13,500	2
	South Fork Little Wind River No. 4	16,300	2
	South Fork Little Wind River No. 2	56,430	1
	St. Lawrence Creek	10,000	3
	Trout Creek No. 1	8,085	3
	Trout Creek No. 2	12,400	4
Popo Agie River	Bills Park	0	3
	Gill Park	710	2
	Little Popo Agie River	79,000	2
	Louis Lake	8,014	2
	Middle Popo Townsend	0	3
	No. 53 (not named)	9,000	2
	North Popo Agie River	103,000	3
	Off-Channel (site 5)	2,940	1
	Off-Channel (site 6)	2,400	1
	Onion Flats	10,000	1
	Pete's Lake	762	2
	Popo Agie River No. 4	102,336	2
	Popo Agie River No. 1	18,900	1
	Popo Agie River No. 2	38,781	2
	Popo Agie River No. 3	102,336	2
	Sand Hills	20,930	1
	Sharp Nose Draw No. 2	15,336	1
	Surrel Creek No. 1	9,000	2
	Surrel Creek No. 2	16,688	1
	Willow Creek No.2	9,500	1
Beaver Creek (trib. Little Wind River)	Batrum Gap No. 4	34,615	2
	Beaver Creek No. 1	8,820	3
	Beaver Creek No. 2	700	4
	Beaver Creek No. 3	1,200	3
	Beaver Creek No.4	27,324	2
	Off-Channel (site 4)	4,880	1
	Smith and Springolf	426	4
Kirby Draw	Kirby Draw	16,000	4
Muskrat Creek	King Gorm	5,390	4
	Muskrat Conant	2,039	4
	Queen Thyra	1,235	4
Badwater Creek	Badwater Creek (site 4)	1,770	4
	Okie	217	4
	Snyder Creek Detention	347	4
	Waterworks No. 3	211	4
Buffalo Creek trib. Bighorn River	Buffalo Creek	2,700	3
Kirby Creek	Kirby	3,090	3
Bighorn River	Kirby	130,000	2
No Water Creek	Fruitland No. 1	7,245	2
	Fruitland No. 2	5,318	2
	Fruitland No. 4	1,050	3
Nowood River	Big Trails	18,500	4
	Medicine Lodge	2,250	4
	Nowood River	175,000	4
	Paintrock	1,300	4
	Solitude	8,570	4
	Sumit	5,820	3
	Tensleep Meadows	13,490	4
	Tensleep Meadows	13,490	4
	West Tensleep Lake	1,180	4
	Wilson No. 1	386	2
	Wilson No. 2	379	2
Shell Creek	Beaver Creek (Coyote Basin)	1,385	2
	Moberly-Stoddard	248	2
	Moraine Creek No. 1	1,150	2
	Shell Canal	2,100	3
	Shell Creek Lake	2,010	3
East Bighorn Lake Tributaries	Bethwren	1,310	4
	Crystal Creek (not named)	644	3
	Porcupine Creek	14,660	4
	Willis	2,130	3
Fivemile Creek	Five Mile Creek No.1	1,800	3
	Five Mile Creek No.2	7,776	3
	Five Mile Creek No.3	2,100	3
	Maverick Spring Draw	7,100	4
	Ocean Lake	41,931	1
	Teapot Gulch No. 1	2,000	3
	Teapot Gulch No. 2	5,022	4
Muddy Creek	Blue Draw	23,150	3
	Dry Muddy Creek	28,000	4
	East Fork Sheep Creek	3,900	4
	Muddy Creek No. 1	10,500	3
	Muddy Creek No. 2	34,000	3
	Muddy Creek No. 3	57,344	3
	Sagwup Draw No. 1	28,900	4
	Sagwup Draw No. 2	25,895	4
	Sheep Creek	16,200	3
	Shotgun Creek No.1	2,700	4
	Shotgun Creek No.2	7,600	4
	W. Fork Sheep Creek	29,128	3
Cottonwood Creek trib. Boysen Reservoir	Blue Holes	351,000	4
	Cottonwood Creek	1,500	4
	Cottonwood No. 1	21,178	4
	Cottonwood No. 2	21,178	4
Owl Creek	Dempsey	1,070	1
	Mountain View	5,830	1
	Mud Creek North Fork	4,300	3
	Mud Creek North Fork	4,300	3
	North Fork Owl Creek	8,700	3
	Owl Creek Basin	5,230	3
	Owl Creek Irrigation	23,270	2
	Owl Creek South Fork	46,500	2
	Owl Creek South Fork	46,500	2
	Owl Creek South Fork No. 1	22,680	3
	Owl Creek South Fork No. 2	20,090	3
	Owl Creek South Fork Trib.	3,200	1
	Pumpkin Draw	2,000	1
	Shotgun Creek	2,700	4
	South Fork Owl Creek	15,100	3
Gooseberry Creek	Buffalo Creek	145,000	2
	Farmers	14,510	1
	Gooseberry Creek	3,690	2
	Gooseberry Creek	3,690	2
	Gooseberry No. 1	1,770	2
	Gooseberry No. 2	8,500	2
	Little Buffalo Basin	75,810	2
Fifteen Mile Creek	Fifteen Mile Creek	46,080	2
Elk Creek	Elk Creek Valley	1,140	3
Greybull River	Alpha Sandstone	579	2
	Grey Bull River	84,200	4
	Junietta	1,280	3
	Lake McKinney No. 2	202	2
	Rawhide Creek	34,738	4
	Rawhide Creek	34,738	4
	Snyder Draw	2,240	2
	Spring Creek	64,700	4
	Thayer No. 1	639	3
Dry Creek	Bench Canal	299	2
	Lithomsen	1,960	3
	Oregon Basin	382,950	3
	Sage Creek	1,080	4
	Sage Creek	1,080	4
	Sage Creek Coulderwiley	2,060	3
	Thomsen	1,010	3
Clarks Fork River	Badger Basin	69,276	4
	Bald Ridge	14,600	3
	Clark	30,400	4
	Clarks Fork	750,000	4
	Clarks Fork	522,850	4
	Hunter Mountain	130,000	3
	Lagoon Lake	1,320	3
	Lake Creek	5,100	4
	Sunlight	50,000	4
	Thief Creek	200,000	3
Shoshone River and Tributaries	Beck Lake	1,000	4
	Bliss Creek Meadows	0	4
	Cody Canal	1,210	4
	Goff	663	3
	Holden	9,900	3
	Melvina Lake	937	4
	Melvina Lake	936	4
	Needle Mountain	100,000	4
	Oregon Basin (closed basin)	382,950	3
	Sage Creek	1,082	4
	Sage Creek (SCS Site No. 1)	1,580	4
	Skull Creek	641	4
	Sulphur Creek	18,480	4
	Wall Mountain	50,000	4

Appendix B
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